| Trams in Tashkent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Info | |
| Locale | Tashkent, Uzbekistan |
| Transit type | Tram |
| Number of lines | 8 |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | 1912 |
| Technical | |
| System length | 203 km |
KTM-19 in Tashkent
Tashkent tram - a tram system, opened in Tashkent on December 29, 1912. As of 2009 the length of tram lines in Tashkent is 203 km, are 8 routes, operated 129 cars which are served in 2 tram depot.
History[]
Horse tram (1897-1912)[]
In 1894, a Belgian citizen engineer Edward Denis suggested the Tashkent City Duma to build in the city of horse-drawn railroad. After lengthy discussion, the draft Denis was adopted with some modifications, since no one else for the construction of a tram in Tashkent did not take. In 1896, the Tashkent city department entered into a contract with the Belgian anonymous society "Tashkent tram" for the construction and operation of the tram in Tashkent on concessional basis. The project envisaged construction of two tram lines. Construction work on the first line started in early 1897 first tram line is passed from station along the streets Dukhovskoi (modern name - Prospect Amir Temur) [1], Mahramskoy (Prospect Uzbekistan), Zerabulakskoy, Jizzakh (Bukhara), Romanov (Buyuk Turon) , Vorontsov (Suleymanova) Chernyayevsky (Istikbol) Sheyhantaur (Prospect Navoi) to bazaar in the old city, where the depot was located. Kamenskiy factory Ekaterinoslav province were ordered 18 cars. The opening movement of horse carriages on the tram line station - Old Town during 7 miles on 31 March (April 13) 1901 motion on the second tram line, which was held on the street. Romanov Street. Petersburg (Matbuotchilar) Kaufmanskogo edge of the square (Square of Amir Temur) and st. Pushkin (Mustakillik) to the Church of St. Sergius, revealed 5 (18) April 1903 fare on the new line length of 3 miles was 6 cents in wagons class 1 and 5 cents - in cars in class 2. Both were single-track tram line and worked on the itinerant system. In 1912 the company had 230 horses and 30 wagons.
5 (18) September 1908 between the city and the Anonymous Society was awarded a new contract on the exploitation of the tram. The treaty provided for the electrification of the two tram lines and the expansion of the electric tram up to 30 miles. Work on the electrification of the line Romanovskaya - Church of St. Sergius began in mid-1911 5 (18) March 1912 closed down the movement of the tram on the street. Petersburg, and on 27 May (9 June) 1912 tram cars went on Alekseevskii lane to Voskresenskoye bazaar. For operation of the electric tram Belgian company ordered 80 cars at the factory "Rateno in Belgium. Each car has 40 seats. In 1913, profit 2 freight cars for transportation of goods. Electricity gave a diesel tram station, built in the hen bazaar. Tramway Park is located on the street. Maria (Nukus).
Narrow-gauge tram (1912-1968)[]
First of traffic on electricity was opened December 29, 1912 (January 11, 1913) from the bazaar to the Resurrection Church of St. Sergius, and the next day - from the station to the Resurrection of the bazaar. 15 (28) January 1913 electrified section from the Resurrection to the bazaar Urdy, and January 22 (4 February) 1913 - the line on a street. Sheyhantaur to the Old City. After the abolition of the tram network of lines of the electric tram was rapidly developed. 7 (20) February 1913 Line "Resurrection Bazaar - Pushkinskaya" extended along the streets of the Romanov and Starogospitalnoy (Aulieota) to a military hospital. 16 (29) March 1913 opened a third streetcar line of the Resurrection bazaar to prison on a street. Moscow (Prospect Amir Temur),. March 30 (April 12) in 1913, it extended through the streets Mahramskoy and Castle (Turaba Tula) to the Royal village. 5 (18) July 1913 opened the fourth line - from the park to Kaufmanskogo Salar Street. Kaufmanskoy (Pahlavan Mahmud). July 21 (3 August) in 1914, it extended until Kaufmanskoy Hospital (TashMI-1). 21 December 1913 (3 January 1914) extended the line on Pushkin from the Church of St. Sergius to the bridge across the Salar. January 28 (10 February) 1914 Moscow line extended from the Royal Beshagach village to the gate, and in early 1915 - to the Old Town (area of Khadra). 13 (26) December 1915 opened the fifth streetcar line - from the Old City to Tahtapulskih gate.
In 1916 the tramway company has 50 motorized, 25 trailers and two service cars. Belgian society has been unable to build under the contract through to the old slaughterhouse, summer hospital, Nikiforovskaya lands and to the cemetery because of the inability to deliver materials in conditions of war. September 10, 1918 motion of trams stopped due to lack of fuel for diesel station and failure of most cars. December 10, 1918 in Tashkent tram nationalized by decree of Turkestan and the Central Executive Committee transferred to the supreme council of the national economy. By this time the barn was a "graveyard" of cars.
Irregular movement of Moscow, Pushkin and Stargorodsky lines was resumed in 1920 Tram transported workers and supplies to order companies. In 1920-1921. built a number of commercial branches of stores and post office, a converted freight cars of the defective passenger cars. In June 1921 the line came out with 7 cars, which worked only in the morning and evening hours. To resume normal operation of the tram in September 1921 organized by the trust "Tashgostram", had already been restored much of the Belgian cars. Regular movement of the tram along the lines of "Railway Station - Old Town", "Military hospital - st. Pushkinskaya "and" st. Moscow - ul. Beshagach "resumed Sept. 22, 1921 In April 1924 restored Kaufmanskaya line, and December 3, 1924 - Tahtapulskaya line. In 1924, for the repair of cars arranged workshops Street. Proletarian (Prospect Amir Temur). Trest Tashgostram "was the end of 1924, 50 motor, 20 trailers, 2 service cars and 5 trucks platforms on the line plied 45 motor and 18 trailer cars. Thus, by early 1925 the tram service to fully resume after a period of two wars. Belgian tram at the Museum Electric Uzbekistan
To enhance the rolling Tashtrama in 1925-1926, with Putilov (Leningrad) arrived on 10 motor and 12 trailer cars. Since May 1926 Tashkent tram power supply current is transferred to the new Bozsuyskoy HPS, and trust "Tashgostram" reorganized into "Tashgestram", uniting the tram and power. In 1926, the county council for the national economy has adopted a new program to expand the tram network in Tashkent, extending the network to serve primarily working-class suburbs. May 1, 1926 extended the line on a street. Engels (Amir Timur) to the power plant, and October 23, 1929 - from Tahtapulskih gate to the campsite. November 10, 1929 laid the new line from the station to Tezikovoy Cottages (st. Sarakulskaya), 6 November 1930 - to the village 1-st of May (Karasu), in April 1931 - from the Salar Street. Parkent to st. Voroshilov (Oltintepa), 7 November 1932 - from the gate to Beshagach Tekstilstroya, and February 1, 1934 - from the hospital to the station for a new bridge across the Salar. In 1930, during reconstruction tram line from st. Stalin (Suleymanova) was moved to the street. Lenin (Buyuk Turon) and st. Lakhuti (Shahrisabz), and in 1931 with Alekseevskogo alley and street. Zerabulakskoy Str. - Street. Irdzharskuyu (Ataturk).
In 1929, the city management put the streetcar task of organizing cargo movement. In 1930 in Tashkent appeared freight service. November 6, 1931 opened the carriage started gruntomaterialov through "Karasu - Chirchik. For transportation of sand and gravel from the floodplain of the river Chirchik workers of the Tashkent tractor trolley adapted Kommunar and loading platforms. March 1, 1933 line "Karasu - Chirchik was electrified and it opened the passenger traffic. Freight traffic on the line "Karasu - Chirchik" preserved only at night. For transportation of construction materials have been prepared by the 20 platforms and 2 motor cars. August 15, 1932 trams began to carry goods from the freight yard and pakgauznoy station specially constructed branches.
In the summer of 1931 Trust "Tashgestram" reorganized into "Trust Tashkent city railways", which no longer included Bozsuyskaya power. In 1928 he had purchased 10 cars in Kharkov. By 1932, inventory of Tashkent tram cars to 150 from the inflow of new cars "Gomza with Putilov and Mytischenskogo plants. In early 1933, after the arrival of Mytishchi 31 more cars in Tashkent on the experience of Moscow has started operation of 3-tram wagon trains. The only depot was designed to accommodate 40 cars.
Transition to the broad-line (1936-1968)[]
All built before 1930 tram line was single track narrow-gauge (gauge is 1000 mm). Traveling system prevented the increase in the capacity of tram lines. In 1929-1933. worked to lay the second track on the busiest lines: "Station - Khadra", "Military hospital - st. Pushkinskaya "," Resurrection Bazaar - st. Engels. In 1934 Tashgorsovet decided to transfer the tram network to a standard rail. The reason was that Soviet factories ceased production of narrow-gauge cars. In addition, the narrow gauge poorly dock with access railroad tracks, which prevented an increase in freight traffic. October 8, 1936 closed narrow-gauge railway on a street. Lenin, from Khadra to st. Uzbekistan, in November 1936 - on the street. Beshagach and Zengiatinskoy Beshagachkih from the gate to Tekstilstroya. These lines are replaced Broad line of route number 11, highway Khadra - Tekstilkombinat ", which opened on Nov. 6, 1936 The first line was on Broad Avenue Khodzhaeva (Navoi), st. Tukaya st. Stalin Street. Samarkand (Prospect Sharaf Rashidov), st. Zengiatinskoy (Rustaveli) and st. Physical culture (Kushbegi). To support the broad gauge wagons were built depot number 2 on Khadr. June 26, 1937 Broad line extended from Khodro to Kukcha Street. Capitals (Uygur). November 7, 1937 introduced a new line of Broad Street. Saperna (Kunaeva), st. Chekhov Str. Kafanova (Aulieota) to the station, and May 1, 1938 - on the street. The Printing (Sheyhantaur) to the campsite. August 20, 1938 opened a narrow-gauge tram line street. Poltoratsky (Nukus), which allowed zakoltsevat routes starting at the station. October 16, 1938 pereshita to broad gauge line from Neftesindikata to Tezikovoy cottages, while remaking it extended to the Transport Institute. In 1940 there were 41,6 km broad gauge lines (routes number 8, 10-12) and 28,2 km - a narrow (routes № 1-7,9). During reconstruction of Tashkent in 1937 provided until 1942 to complete remaking tram routes, however, this process lasted for several decades.
In 1938 the Trust "TCDD" was renamed in Tashkent tram trust. In early 1941 the Tashkent tram rolling stock consisted of 235 passenger and 53 freight cars.
During the war for the carriage of goods were laid more cargo branches (to the bakery, warehouses Soyuztransa, etc.), on some lines analyzed patrols and narrow-gauge line from the theater. Navoi to the station completely ceased to exist. In 1943, arrived in Tashkent 30 wagons from the cities of the European USSR, including 17 - from Leningrad. Release the line by 1945 had fallen to 65 cars.
C in 1946 took measures to restore the defective rolling stock. As a result, in 1947 the release of a line increased to 150 cars, and in 1951 amounted to 200 passenger and 11 freight wagons. At the end of 1947 near the site of the former VARZ Chicken Bazaar a new building of the tram depot number 1. Old building on the street. Poltoratsky passed to the factory "lift".
In November 1947 in Tashkent was put into operation the first trolleybus line. In connection with this trust tram renamed Tram-trolleybus. For replenishment of rolling stock in 1948 in Tashkent profit 6 new trams MWC.
In the period 1945-1957 gg. new tram lines in Tashkent not build - was carried out reconstruction of all existing lines. In 1950-1952. Square of the Revolution (Amir Temur) was completely liberated from the tramways. January 27, 1950 closed the line, suitable to park on the street. Proletarian, in July 1952 - the line of the route number 4, passing on the street. Marx (Pahlavan Mahmud) moved to st. May 1 (Shahrisabz), and in late 1952 the line route number 2 and 3 on the streets of Pushkin, Engels, Leningrad (Matbuotchilar), Kirov (Ataturk), "Pravda Vostoka" (Bukhara) moved to the street. May 1.
In the mid 1950's. turned the construction of second tracks on almost all lines, working for itinerant system. 1 July 1954 opens the movement to dvuhputke "Beshagach - Chorsu", in 1954-1955. - On the line "Khadra - Kukcha", in the summer of 1955 - on the streets of Engels and Parkentskaya in September 1957 - on the street. Uritsky (Bogishamol) to the plant Uzbekselmash. When reconstructing the route number 5, "Station - Karasu" tram line was extended from Kuybyshevkogo highway (Ferghana) Street. Ippodromskuyu (Narhodzhaeva) and lengthened to a new ring at the station "Hamza". It was arranged transfer to tram route number 6, following in the village Kuyluk. This innovation allowed to exclude a simple tram rail pereeezde at the station "Hamza" - passengers traveling from the city center in Kuyluk, now passed move on foot. In April 1956, commissioned a new recycling ring from the ring in place TsUM Navoi Theater. In 1956 in Tashkent arrived on 6 trams "Gotha" of East Germany, in August 1958 - 6 more cars. The car in the EEO-6 Electric Museum of Uzbekistan
Release the line amounted to 240 cars. August 25, 1958 opened a new line of Broad streets Gulabad and Exhibition to standing VDNH. In 1960, the Tashkent tram-trolleybus trust exploiting narrow gauge routes № 1-6, and the wide № 7-11, release the line amounted to 276 units.
In 1961, in connection with the denomination fares decreased by 10 times - from 30 to 3 cents and for a long time remained unchanged. In February 1961, as an experiment on some of the cars entered beskonduktornoe services (cash). The widespread introduction of the cash method of trams and trolley buses began in 1964, 21 July 1961 opened a new narrow-gauge line through the streets on March 8 and Gaidar (Yangizamon) before being built wagon factory on ul. Obraztsova (Heydar Aliyev). In February 1962 in Tashkent the first cars arrived KTM-2. To replace obsolete broad-Mytishinskiy cars since October 1964 in Tashkent began to regularly receive wagons LM-57, and the end of 1965 - EEO-6. 2 March 1963 a tram line on the street. Rustaveli was extended from the street. Mukimi to st. Farkhad (Bus "Samarkand"). November 4, 1963 in Leningrad cars went on the street. Mukimi Square Aktepe, 11 December 1965 opened the line on the street. Kurulush (Lutfi) from Aktepe to st. Farkhad and November 5, 1966, it lasted up to 26 quarters Chilanzar. C 1965 management began remaking the remaining narrow-gauge tram routes. March 1, 1966 to open train wagons broad-EEO-6 and LM-57 from the station to TashMI Street. Proletarskiy Pervomayskoy and Marx (route number 13). This area was laid a third rail, allowing the simultaneous use of cars narrow and broad gauge. May 1, 1966 from the city center on the street. Yangizamon moved tram depot number 1, which serves all the narrow-gauge cars. January 5, 1967 ended Reconstruction of street. Uzbekistan and rings at Central Department Store, which allowed the movement to open a broad-gauge wagons, and on January 26 was put into operation one-track on a street. Malobeshagachskaya, connecting transport to the new Institute Car Repair Plant Street. Obraztsova. Then tram depot number 1 was to serve as a narrow-gauge and wide gauge trains. From 14 to 24 April 1967 completely altered to broad gauge route number 2 from the center to Uzbekselmash and August 20-22 - the route number 3 on the streets of Pushkin and General Petrov (Parkentskaya). April 29, 1967 opened another new line "TashMI - an array of high-voltage (Yalangach). To speed up the movement of trams on Sept. 5, 1967 line the streets and Suleymanova Tukaya moved to Prospect Street and Navoi. Samarkand. April 10, 1968 narrow-gauge routes number 1 and 4 were closed in the remaking. April 14 was opened to traffic on the first broad gauge route, and on 29 April - the fourth. In remaking line the streets on January 9 and Khmelnytsky was moved to the street. Uzbekistan and continue along the avenue of Friendship of Peoples (Bunyodkor) to st. Mukimi. The new line will enable the shortest route to connect new neighborhoods Chilanzar the city center. September 5, 1968 tram through the streets of Rustaveli and Proletarian artery were connected to the newly pierced Street. Lakhuti (Shakhrisabz). September 11, 1968 in Tashkent residents last seen on the streets of the Belgian city of old narrow-gauge cars, life of more than 50 years. The last narrow-gauge route number 5, 6 and 12 were closed for reconstruction. Within four days on the routes "Station - Hamza" and "Station - VRZ" ran the wide trams EEO-6. Remaking the line "Hamzah - Kuyluk" ended only a few years. At the end of 1968 were introduced 3 new lines: 6 November - from Kukcha to Beshkayragacha (route number 17), Dec. 31 - the avenue of Navoi Str. Samarkand to st. Engels and the street.